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What is Batch Processing Operating System?
Batch processing operating systems are computer operating system that were primarily used in the early days of computing when computers were large and expensive and had limited resources. These systems were designed to efficiently process large volumes of data and tasks in a batch mode, without requiring constant user interaction.
In a batch processing operating system, users would submit their jobs or tasks to the system, typically in the form of decks of punched cards or magnetic tapes. These jobs would be collected and stored in a queue for processing. The operating system would then execute the jobs one by one without user intervention, typically overnight or during periods of low system activity.
The main goal of batch processing operating systems was to maximize the utilization of computer resources and minimize idle time. They were designed to automate and streamline the execution of repetitive tasks such as data processing, payroll calculations, and scientific simulations.
Introduction to Batch Processing System
Definition: Batch processing system works as an operating system. Batch processing system means to grab all types of programs and data in the batch form then proceed to process. Main motive of using batch processing system is to decrease the set up time while submitting the similar jobs to CPU.
Batch Processing OS Tutorial Headlines:
In this section, we will show you all headlines about this entire article; you can check them as your choice; below shown all:
What is Batch Processing Operating System?
Introduction to Batch Processing System
How Does Batch Processing OS Work?
Why to Use Batch Processing Operating Systems? Reasons Are:
Types of Batch Processing Operating System
Applications of Batch Processing OS
Advantages of Batch Operating System
Disadvantages of Batch Operating System
Features of Batch Processing Operating System
Examples of Batch Operating System
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
What is batch processing in OS?
What is a batch processing system in computer?
What are the different types of batch processing system?
What are the uses of batch processing system in operating system?
Where is batch processing system used?
What is batch operating system and how it work?
What are 5 examples of batch operating system?
Which of the following is an example of batch OS (operating system)?
What are the advantages of batch operating system?
What is the main feature of batch operating system?
What are disadvantages of batch operating system?
Let’s Get Started!!
How Does Batch Processing OS Work?
Batch monitor is started for executing all pooled jobs, after reading them. These jobs are divided into groups, and finally precede same jobs to similar batch. Now all batched jobs are ready to execution one by one without wasting more time, and due to this system enhance the system utilization while decrease the turnaround time.
Diagram of Batch Processing Operating System
Functions:
All jobs are executed in the “First Come First Serve” nature.
When job is completed its processing, then its memory is free and result for job get copied as a output spool for further printing otherwise processing.
Working Principle Step By Step:
Batch processing operating systems work by executing multiple jobs in a sequential manner, without requiring constant user interaction. Here is a simplified overview of how batch processing operating systems work one by one:
Job Submission: Users or system administrators submit jobs to the operating system for processing. Each job represents a specific task or a set of related tasks that need to be performed. Jobs can include tasks like data processing, calculations, report generation, or any other operation that can be automated.
Job Scheduling: The operating system’s job scheduler receives the submitted jobs and determines the order in which they will be executed. Scheduling decisions can be based on various factors, such as job priority, resource availability, deadlines, or specific scheduling policies defined by the system administrator.
Resource Allocation: Once a job is scheduled for execution, the operating system allocates the necessary system resources for its execution. This includes allocating CPU time, memory, and I/O devices required by the job. The operating system manages resource contention and ensures that each job receives the necessary resources to perform its tasks.
Job Execution: The operating system starts executing the jobs in the scheduled order. It loads the necessary program and data into memory and transfers control to the job’s program. The program then executes its tasks using the allocated resources.
Job Completion and Output:When a job completes its tasks, it generates the desired output, such as reports, files, or data updates. The operating system manages the output and stores it in the appropriate location, either in memory or on storage devices. The output may be made available to the user or passed as input to subsequent jobs in the batch.
Error Handling and Recovery: During job execution, errors or failures may occur. The operating system includes error handling mechanisms to detect and handle these situations. It may log the error, retry the job, notify the user, or initiate recovery procedures based on predefined rules or user instructions.
Job Termination: Once all the jobs in the batch have been executed, the batch processing operating system terminates the batch and may provide a summary report of the job execution, including information about completed jobs, errors encountered, and resource utilization.
Batch processing operating systems are designed to automate and streamline the execution of multiple tasks, providing efficient resource utilization and allowing for the processing of large volumes of work without constant user intervention.
Why to Use Batch Processing Operating Systems? Reasons Are:
Batch processing operating systems are used for several reasons:
Efficiency: Batch processing allows for the execution of a large number of tasks without requiring constant user interaction. It allows the system to process multiple jobs sequentially, one after the other, without the need for manual intervention. This improves efficiency by automating repetitive tasks and utilizing system resources effectively.
Resource Optimization: Batch processing operating systems are designed to optimize the use of system resources such as CPU time, memory, and I/O devices. By executing multiple jobs in a batch, the operating system can schedule and allocate resources efficiently, minimizing idle time and maximizing the overall throughput of the system.
Prioritization and Scheduling: Batch processing operating systems provide mechanisms for prioritizing and scheduling jobs based on their importance and requirements. Jobs can be scheduled according to their priority, deadline, or other criteria, ensuring that critical tasks are completed on time. This allows for better control over the execution of tasks and efficient utilization of available resources.
Offline Processing: Batch processing operating systems are often used in scenarios where continuous user interaction is not required or possible. For example, in large-scale data processing or overnight processing of business transactions, where the system can process a large volume of data or perform complex calculations without user intervention. This allows organizations to efficiently handle data processing tasks without affecting day-to-day operations.
Error Handling and Recovery: Batch processing operating systems typically include error handling and recovery mechanisms to deal with job failures or errors that may occur during execution. These systems can detect errors, log them, and take appropriate actions such as retrying the job, notifying the user, or initiating recovery procedures. This ensures that the system can handle exceptions and continue processing the remaining jobs without manual intervention.
Types of Batch Processing Operating System
Batch processing operating system is classified into two different categories like as:
Simple Batched System
In operating systems, Simple Batched System is a method of executing multiple tasks or jobs together as a batch. It is a historical concept that originated in the early days of computing when computers were not capable of running multiple tasks simultaneously. In a Simple Batched System, the operating system would collect a set of jobs or tasks, arrange them into a batch, and execute them one after another without any user intervention.
Multi-Programmed Batched System
A Multi-programmed Batched System in operating systems is an improvement over the Simple Batched System, designed to maximize the utilization of system resources and increase overall system efficiency. In a Multi-programmed Batched System, multiple jobs or tasks are loaded into the memory simultaneously, and the operating system dynamically switches between them to keep the processor busy and minimize idle time.
Applications of Batch Processing OS
Batch processing operating systems have been widely used in various industries for several decades. Here are some applications where batch processing operating systems have been commonly used:
Banking and Financial Institutions: Batch processing operating systems are extensively used in banking and financial institutions for tasks such as processing large volumes of transactions, generating account statements, calculating interest, updating balances, and performing end-of-day or end-of-month processing.
Data Processing: Batch processing operating systems are suitable for handling large-scale data processing tasks. They are going to use in industries like as telecommunications, insurance, healthcare, and retail for processing massive amounts of data
Manufacturing and Production: Batch processing operating systems find applications in manufacturing and production environments for tasks such as scheduling and optimizing production runs, managing inventory levels, generating production reports, and performing quality control checks.
Report Generation: Many organizations require regular generation of reports based on data collected over a specific period. Batch processing operating systems can automate the generation of reports by executing predefined tasks at specified intervals, such as daily, weekly, or monthly. This helps streamline reporting processes and ensures timely availability of critical information.
Data Backup and Archiving: Batch processing operating systems are commonly used for data backup and archiving purposes. They can schedule and perform data backups during periods of low system utilization, minimizing the impact on regular operations.
Batch Printing and Document Processing: Industries such as publishing, mailing services, and document processing rely on batch processing operating systems for tasks like bulk printing, document composition, mail merging, and envelope stuffing.
Scientific and Engineering Applications: Batch processing operating systems are utilized in scientific and engineering fields for tasks like running simulations, conducting experiments, processing research data, and executing computational tasks that require significant computing power and long execution times.
Media Processing: Media production and broadcasting companies often employ batch processing operating systems to manage tasks like video encoding, transcoding, image processing, and audio editing. These systems can automate and streamline the processing of media files in large quantities, ensuring efficient production workflows.
Overall, batch processing operating systems are suitable for any application that involves repetitive tasks, large data volumes, and the need for automated processing. They have been instrumental in enhancing efficiency, reducing manual effort, and enabling timely execution of critical business processes across various industries.
Payroll System
Batch processing system is more suitable to payroll, because batch system is very useful for calculating the salaries of all employees in the end of month.
Bank Invoice System
Every end of the month, all banks makes the monthly statement for all account holders. So, by using batch processing system, produce all monthly statements of all bank’s clients.
Transactions Process
In the bank sectors, use batch system for every transactions process, and mostly implement the international money transfers system.
Daily Report
In the manufacturer industries, every day need operational statement for production line. Here use the batch system for generating the daily report for maintaining the records.
Researching Segment
Every researcher needs the high scalable performance computing system for submitting the all batch systems.
Billing System
Every telecom operators organizations uses the batch system for processing the all millions call detail records including calculate rates.
Batch Operating System Advantages and Disadvantages
Here, we will discuss about various advantages and disadvantages of batch processing operating system; below shown all; you can check them:
Provide well education to computer handler for operating the batch processing system.
It takes more time for debugging the batch processing system.
Some time it may be more costly.
It has more turnaround time.
It has Non linear behavior.
Model inaccuracies.
Batch processing system’s online sensors is often not available.
Include constrained operation.
Unmeasured disturbances.
Irreversible behavior.
Time-varying process characteristics.
If any one job halts, then increase workload for predicting time.
Due to any mistake, any job can enter into infinite loop.
If your protection system is not well then, any one job can affect pending jobs.
Features of Batch Processing Operating System
Batch processing operating systems typically offer a range of features to facilitate the efficient execution of batch jobs. Here are some common features of batch processing operating systems:
Job Scheduling: Batch processing operating systems provide scheduling capabilities to manage the execution of batch jobs. They allow users to submit jobs with specific requirements and priorities, and the operating system schedules and controls the execution of these jobs based on available resources and predefined policies.
Job Control Language (JCL): Batch processing operating systems often support a specialized scripting or programming language, such as Job Control Language (JCL), which allows users to define and specify the requirements of batch jobs. JCL includes instructions for input/output (I/O) operations, data processing, resource allocation, and job dependencies.
Job Queues: Batch processing operating systems typically maintain queues to manage the sequence in which jobs are executed. Jobs are placed in queues based on their priority, submission time, and available system resources. The operating system selects jobs from the queues and dispatches them for execution.
Spooling: Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line) is a common feature of batch processing operating systems. It allows jobs to be submitted for execution without the need for immediate access to the required input/output devices.
Job Status and Monitoring: Batch processing operating systems provide facilities for job status tracking and monitoring. Users can monitor the progress of their submitted jobs, view job logs, and receive notifications about job completion or any exceptional conditions that may occur during job execution.
Error Handling and Recovery: Batch processing operating systems incorporate error handling and recovery mechanisms to address various types of errors and exceptions that can occur during job execution. They provide logging facilities to capture error messages, diagnostic information, and perform automated or manual recovery actions.
Resource Management: Batch processing operating systems efficiently manage system resources such as CPU, memory, disk space, and peripheral devices. They allocate and track resource usage to ensure optimal utilization and prevent conflicts between concurrently executing jobs.
Job Prioritization: Batch processing operating systems support job prioritization mechanisms to assign different priority levels to jobs based on their criticality or importance.
Job Dependencies and Synchronization: Batch processing operating systems allow for the specification of job dependencies and synchronization requirements. Jobs can be configured to wait for the completion of other prerequisite jobs or to synchronize their execution based on specific conditions or events.
Logging and Audit Trails: Batch processing operating systems maintain detailed logs and audit trails of job execution activities. This includes information such as job submission time, execution time, resource usage, and any errors or exceptions encountered during the job’s execution. These logs serve as a valuable resource for troubleshooting, performance analysis, and compliance auditing.
Examples of Batch Processing Operating System
Batch operating systems are designed to process a series of jobs or tasks in a batch mode, without requiring constant user interaction. Here are some examples of batch operating systems:
IBM OS/360: One of the earliest batch operating systems, introduced in the 1960s. It allowed users to submit jobs on punched cards, which were then processed in batches.
Burroughs MCP: A batch operating system developed by Burroughs Corporation for its mainframe computers. It supported batch processing and had features like job scheduling and resource allocation.
UNIVAC EXEC 8: A batch operating system developed by UNIVAC for its mainframe computers. It supported multiprogramming and allowed multiple jobs to run simultaneously.
IBM z/OS: The modern version of IBM’s mainframe operating system, which evolved from OS/360. It supports batch processing, time-sharing, and other modes of operation.
Windows Batch Processing: Although primarily known for its interactive graphical user interface, Microsoft Windows also includes a command-line interpreter called Command Prompt, which allows users to write batch scripts for automating tasks.
UNIX Shell Scripts: Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux and macOS, include powerful command-line interfaces with scripting capabilities. Users can write shell scripts to automate batch processing tasks and schedule them using utilities like cron.
Job Control Language (JCL): JCL is a scripting language used on mainframe systems, such as IBM’s z/OS, to define and control batch jobs. It specifies the inputs, outputs, and execution instructions for each job.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
What is batch processing in OS?
Batch processing system receives all kinds of data and programs into batch format, and then going to process. Batch processing system is used in operating system to decrease set up time, when they try to submit the same jobs to CPU.
What is a batch processing system in computer?
In batch processing system, when a computer tries to process a number of tasks that it has gathered into a group. Therefore, it is designed to be fully automated process; whereas no need human interactions.
What are the different types of batch processing system?
Batch processing system has two variants like as Simple Batched System and Multi-programmed batched system.
What are the uses of batch processing system in operating system?
Batch processing system is able to manage enlarge amount of non-continuous data, and it also can process data instantly, minimize or encounter the need of user interaction; as well as enhancing the efficiency of job processing.
Where is batch processing system used?
Batch processing system is used such areas where a massive set of data requires to be processed such as banks, hospitals, accounting, and more.
What is batch operating system and how it work?
Batch operating system is the most essential kind of operating system. With the helping of batch operating system, user doesn’t make interaction along with computer directly. Every user gets to prepare own jobs on an off-line device such as punch cards.
What are 5 examples of batch operating system?
There are many examples of batch operating system like as Payroll System, Bank Invoice System, Transactions Process, Research Segment, Billing System and more.
Which of the following is an example of batch OS (operating system)?
For example are: Research Segment, Billing System, Transactions Process, and so on.
What are the advantages of batch operating system?
In batch system all jobs are performed in repeating form without user’s permission.
Can be feed input data in the batch processing system without using extra hardware components
Batch processing system consumes less time for executing the all jobs.
What is the main feature of batch operating system?
The primary objective of batch OS is to execute jobs in batches automatically without any human interactions.
What are disadvantages of batch operating system?
Provide well education to computer handler for operating the batch processing system.
It takes more time for debugging the batch processing system.
Wrapping Up
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