Bus Topology in Computer Network

In computer network, several computers are attached with each other through communication medium (Wired or wireless). These linked computers over the network are called “Nodes”. These computers which are linked in the network can share different resources like as files, printers, FAX machine etc.

Bus Topology is used in the computer networks, in which all computers are linked to each other through one cable. This cable is known as “Backbone of Network”. Mostly Ethernet cable is implemented to connect multiple nodes in the Bus Topology. In Bus Topology, all information passes from first node to last node over the network.

What are the Requirements of Bus Topology?

Here are the key requirements and characteristics of bus topology:

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Broadcasting: All data is sent to all nodes in the network.

Shared Medium: All devices are capable to share the similar resources with regarding a communication like as the bus.

Half-Duplex: Nodes can just receive or transmit data – they are unable to do both simultaneously.

Cost-Effectiveness: Bus topology is relatively inexpensive to implement compared to other topologies, requiring less cabling and infrastructure.

Simple Installation: Bus topology is easy to install and requires less planning and configuration compared to more complex network topologies.

Limited Privacy: As all devices receive the transmitted data, bus topology provides the limited privacy.

Small Networks: Bus topology is well-suited for small networks with a limited number of devices, such as small office networks, classrooms, or home networks.

Cable Length: Bus topology requires less cable length than a star topology.

Ease of Expansion: Bus topology can be easily expanded by joining two cables together.

How Does Bus Topology Work?

Bus topology involves connecting devices to a single communication channel, or “bus,” which serves as the shared pathway for data transmission. Devices are linked to the bus through drop lines or taps. When a device sends data, it travels along the bus, and all connected devices receive the signal. Collision detection mechanisms, like CSMA/CD, manage simultaneous transmissions.

Terminators at both ends prevent signal reflection. While simple to install, bus topology’s scalability is limited, and the failure of the central bus disrupts the entire network. This broadcast communication method is less common in modern networks due to its performance constraints.

Components of Bus Network

The main components of a bus network, as following them:

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Bus (Communication Channel): The central component of a bus network is the communication channel or bus itself. It is a single cable that runs throughout the network, connecting all devices.

Drop Lines: Drop lines are the connections that branch out from the main bus and lead to individual devices. These lines connect the devices to the central bus, allowing them to send and receive data.

Taps or Connectors: Taps or connectors are used to physically connect devices to the bus. They provide the interface through which devices can access the shared communication medium.

Terminators: Terminators are resistors placed at both ends of the bus to absorb signals and prevent them from bouncing back and causing interference. Proper termination is crucial to maintain signal integrity and prevent signal reflections.

Devices (Nodes): Devices in a bus network can be computers, printers, servers, or any other networked equipment. These devices are connected to the bus through drop lines and taps.

Passive Devices: Most devices in a bus network are passive, meaning they don’t participate in the network’s management or control. They simply send and receive data.

Active Devices: Active devices, such as repeaters or hubs, may be used to extend the length of the bus or boost signal strength. These devices play a more active role in maintaining the network.

Collision Detection Mechanism: Bus networks often use collision detection mechanisms, such as CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection), to manage simultaneous data transmissions and avoid collisions.